Feudalism in Europe emerged based on Roman clientship and the Germanic social hierarchy of lords and retainers....
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire encompassed a shifting collection of territories in central Europe for nearly a thousand years. Read how emperors and regional rulers negotiated authority within its complex political order.
To whom did the princes’ and nobles’ ‘own entrusted lands’ truly belong? Abstract This article provides an...
The change in the medieval perception of the Etruscans was closely allied to the particular political situation...
The Holy Roman Empire only turned into an imperial juggernaut under the strongest of emperors. Introduction The Holy...
All Imperial Estates enjoyed immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman...
The Empire, for much of its history, can be seen as the Christian equivalent of the Muslim...
A portrait of Charlemagne wearing the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (fifteenth century painting by Albrecht Dürer)...
The symbol of the Holy Roman Empire / Wikimedia Commons The evolution of the election in the...