The descendants of Genghis each ruled a part of the empire – the four khanates. Introduction The...
Middle Ages
In this period, hospitals preserved both the symbolic and material link to the Church and religion, based...
This kind of arrangement, know as a more danico union, a Danish-style union, was common among people...
Next time you come across a toad, you might just want to reconsider becoming acquainted! If you...
Kievan Rus’, medieval Ukraine, played an important role in both Russia and Europe. Introduction Kievan Rus′ was...
The selling of indulgences was first practiced in the late thirteenth century and was changed after the...
More than a pastime, it was an important arena for social interaction, essential training for war, and...
Byzantine influence was pronounced in Ukraine’s religious, political, and cultural spheres. Byzantium was originally a Greek colony,...
The most notable ruler of this dynasty was its last ruler, Emperor Harshavardhana (or Harsha). Introduction The...
Today’s standoff between the U.S. and Iran is reminiscent of tensions on the eve of World War...
Exploring how British Library maps chart the evolution of man’s understanding of the earth and cosmos. Introduction...
The Donation of Constantine was most likely written, and almost certainly used, to coerce Pepin the Short...
The medieval Church developed and retained its power by encouraging the innate human fear of death and...
The Third Crusade failed to put Jerusalem back in Christian hands. Introduction In 1187 Outremer (the collective...
The message in medieval manuscripts is clear: The rich are good, the poor are trouble. Gluttony—overindulging in...
Language about Jews in the medieval Good Friday liturgy often carried over into physical violence toward local...
The medieval period saw Jews experience intense antisemitism. Introduction The roots of antisemitism can be found in...
Faith, science, and stargazing influenced everyday decisions in the Middle Ages. Introduction Humankind has always looked to...
The Rus are first mentioned in the Annals of Saint-Bertin. Introduction Kievan Rus (862-1242 CE) was a...
Jews living in Europe were easy, early targets for Crusaders while life was comparatively tranquil in Islamic...
The Westerners managed to maintain a political presence in the region until 1291 CE but were constantly...
Double page opening: Provinces Bringing Tribute (f.23v.) and Ruler Portrait of Otto III (f.24) Gospels of Otto III,...
Saint Trophime, Arles, 12th – 15th century (photo: Elliot Brown, CC BY 2.0) By Christine M. Bolli / 08.08.2015 PhD...
Church of Sainte‐Foy, Conques, France, c. 1050–1130 (photo: jean françois bonachera, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) By Dr. Elisa Foster...
During the devil’s last apogee in early modern Europe, demonic afflictions were taken seriously by both priests...
Goryeo (Koryo) ruled ancient Korea from 918 CE to 1392 CE. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Goryeo (Koryo)...
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, urban settlements in Italy generally enjoyed a greater continuity...
Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. Introduction Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had...
Saint Matthew, folio 15 recto of the Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany, c. 800-810, ink...
The full range of consumer goods of the period was set out to tempt the shopper and...