The Frumentarii served as secret police and as an intelligence agency in ancient Rome. Curated/Reviewed by Matthew...
History
Surveillance was endured mostly by the lower social ranks. By Manos ChatziathanasiouPhD Candidate in HistoryUniversity of Exeter...
It was only in the 1920s that ordinary Americans started to take notice. By April WhiteHistory Writer,...
The attack was a resounding failure. By Eli WizevichHistory CorrespondentSmithsonian Magazine Two months before the Civil War ended,...
The anti-black riots developed from a variety of post-World War I social tensions. Curated/Reviewed by Matthew A....
He was asked what is an American fascist, and what danger do they pose? By Henry A....
Key to the Gestapo’s strategy was everyone watching everyone else. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction The Gestapo was...
Any civilian could be rounded up, imprisoned, and executed. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Einsatzgruppen (‘deployment groups’) were secret...
A network of civilian informants was used – neighbors spying on neighbors. Curated/Reviewed by Matthew A. McIntoshPublic...
Although the empirical approach today dominates science, such was not always the case. By Dr. Daniel G....
Ancient representations of the chemical arts are both varied and numerous. Egypt Egyptian iconography included painted scenes,...
How did his melange of some correct, some quirky, but mostly wrong ideas shape science? By Dr....
It was part of a campaign to eliminate all gay men from government service. Introduction The “fruit...
The AIDS crisis could not be separated from the broader cultural contexts in which it emerged. By...
Lasting harms of a discriminatory past. By Anne Marshall-ChalmersInvestigative JournalistThe War Horse Introduction On weekends, Staff Sgt....
Inaugurations have always served as transition points. By Dr. Claire JerryPolitical History CuratorSmithsonian Institution Introduction The only...
How this ritual has highlighted the strengths – and tensions – that define the American presidency. On...
George Washington had no opponents. Adams and Jefferson were the first contest. By Harrison W. MarkWriter and...
Many non-European ethnic groups and nationalities have migrated to Europe over the centuries. Interethnic Relations in Early...
In an account written in 1960, Lange describes her interaction with the central figure of the photograph....
It began in the late 19th century. By Dr. Gabrielle ClarkAssistant Professor of Political Science and Public...
Medieval tournaments are often considered a serious test for knights. However, these tournaments have been used for entertainment...
‘Beriyth’ meant a promise or a pledge. By Dr. Rebecca DenovaEmeritus Professor of Early ChristianityUniversity of Pittsburgh...
Sites have been devastated by destruction and looting amid Israel’s ongoing war. By Dr. Salah Al-HoudaliehProfessor and...
Only by 730 CE was something closely related to the teachings of the Qur’an commented in detail....
A period of immigration from mainland Europe. By Sonja AndersonDaily Correspondent/ContributorSmithsonian Magazine Around 5,000 years ago, prehistoric...
Exploring the origins, development, and growth of the American empire. Introduction The United States is no stranger...
President Woodrow Wilson was the prime mover. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction The League of Nations was founded in January...
The Roman tax farming system was very profitable for the publicani. Curated/Reviewed by Matthew A. McIntoshPublic HistorianBrewminate...
They became instruments of the monarchies. Curated/Reviewed by Matthew A. McIntoshPublic HistorianBrewminate Introduction In feudal Europe, a corporation (from the Latin corpus, corporis a body) was...