The Revolution quickly devolved into violent paranoia, and 20-40,000 people were killed in the Reign of Terror....
French Revolution
21 leading Robespierrists were guillotined without trial in Paris. Introduction The fall of Maximilien Robespierre, or the...
By equating political opposition with existential threat, leaders constructed a framework in which violence became inevitable. The...
The Girondins, gifted orators, were soon to be known as Brissotins, after their leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot. Introduction...
They were paranoid to root out counter-revolutionary spies and conspirators, turning citizens against each other. Introduction The Reign...
Marie Antoinette was immensely unpopular in France. Introduction The trial and execution of Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), formerly the queen...
The federalist revolts were a series of rebellions that erupted in several parts of France in the summer of...
Robespierre intended to shepherd the French Republic toward a state of absolute virtue, or moral excellence. Introduction...
Due to a stutter and fear of public speaking, he decided to pursue a career in political...
He was executed alongside 20 of his colleagues during the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror. Introduction Jacques-Pierre...
Babeuf’s conspiracy is famous for its effect on later political thinkers and later revolutions. Introduction On 10...
The question was that of the definition of the “nation”, to which the government was accountable. Introduction...
Prior to the Revolution, women were deemed to be ‘passive’ citizens. That changed. Introduction The French Revolution (1789-1799) sought...
The march stripped the king of much of his remaining independence and authority. Introduction The Women’s March on...
How could such an allegedly moralistic man could be the cause of so much death? Introduction “I...
The Mentelles brought French enlightenment values to education in the New World. Sometimes in American history, immigrants...
What makes 9 Thermidor a pivotal day in history, and not just for the French? The history...
The Storming of the Tuileries is significant for putting more power into the hands of the working-class...
By 1789, the eve of revolution, the three estates of the realm still constituted the fabric of...
The Declaration, first adopted in August 1789, served as an affirmation of the core values of the...
Charles Alexandre de Calonne presented a five-point plan to King Louis XVI for financial reform. Introduction The...
The decrees as a whole had a major impact on the destruction of France’s oppressive Ancien Régime. Introduction...
The Revolt of the Parlements was a major clash between the king and estates of France in...
The seeds of distrust planted by the Great Fear lasted far longer than the event itself. Introduction...
Some citizens were more equal than others. Introduction Throughout the 18th century, France faced a mounting economic...
What did it mean to become a citizen of the new nation? Originally published by Newberry Digital...
French revolutionaries aimed to jettison the old order and everything associated with it. During the Revolution, the...
“Be afraid. Be very afraid.” “Be afraid. Be very afraid.” These words could have been reasonably spoken...
His name is associated with the Reign of Terror which claimed thousands of lives of “enemies of...
Many British radicals interpreted the early events of the French Revolution in mythic terms – akin to the Christian apocalypse. In 1789, many...