During the devil’s last apogee in early modern Europe, demonic afflictions were taken seriously by both priests...
Middle Ages
Goryeo (Koryo) ruled ancient Korea from 918 CE to 1392 CE. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Goryeo (Koryo)...
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, urban settlements in Italy generally enjoyed a greater continuity...
Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. Introduction Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had...
Saint Matthew, folio 15 recto of the Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany, c. 800-810, ink...
The full range of consumer goods of the period was set out to tempt the shopper and...
What tools would an alchemist use in the quest to transmute other elements into gold? David Teniers...
Sforza was an early scientist who experimented with chemistry and medicine. By Amy Lifson Caterina Sforza, the...
South-side portal (detail), Church of Ste. Pierre, 1115-1130, Moissac, France (photo: Simon, Creative Commons) By Dr. Shannon Pritchard...
Cloister, Fontenay Abbey, 12th century By Christine M. Bolli / 08.08.2015 PhD Candidate in Art History University of California,...
Heraldry began on the mid-12th century CE battlefield as an easy means to identify medieval royalty and...
Early Vikings wouldn’t understand nationalism – the secret to their success was to embrace other cultures. The...
Even in a male-dominated society, Viking women were far from powerless. By Emma GroeneveldHistorian Introduction Although women in the Viking Age...
An unlikely combination of artists, medieval historians, philosophers and scientists have converged to create an exhibition of...
The Kingdom of Jerusalem did, in fact, make its own important cultural contributions. On 15 July 1099,...
As Islamic activists assumed power across the Arab and Muslim world, they drifted toward autocracy and repression....
The illustrations in medieval herbals are beautiful and mysterious. But if you know how to read them,...
This 15th-century mystic turned her hand to brewing the bubbly, and she wasn’t very successful. By Karl...
During the fifteenth century, and notably in Italy, the art of translating was profoundly changed by Humanists...
Lawyers spoke their own language, even in the Middle Ages. When John of Salisbury (ca. 1115-1180) decried...
A vivid picture of the emergence of the global market and the beginnings of global competition. Introduction...
John Medewall, bearing a very English-sounding name, describes himself as a foreigner, and as such at a...
Siege tactics were a crucial part of medieval warfare. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Siege tactics were a...
Strategies in translating the first national law-code of Norway, the Landslov from 1274, into English. Abstract This...
Tympanum depicting the “Last Judgment” from the Saint-Lazare Cathedral, Autun, France. c. 1120-1130 or c. 1130-1145. Base...
The League aimed to protect trade, which meant that maintaining peace was also a major concern. Introduction...
Two powerful and often conflicting legal systems had emerged. Early Development When the Germanic tribes entered the...
A new realization of the value of their labor and an unwillingness to be exploited lay behind...
A verger’s dream; Saints Cosmas and Damian, 1495 / Wellcome Library Revealing the realities of the Middle...
How a widow battled back against the Vikings and became one of the most powerful figures in Britain. By (left-to-right)...