The historical western European Christmas custom of electing a “Lord of Misrule” may have its roots in...
Roman
Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights. Introduction The...
Cavalry training for the new recruits (tironis) was long, about four months, and demanding. Introduction The Roman army consisted...
Bishop Ambrose wrote Theodosius a letter stating the emperor needed to demonstrate repentance for the massacre. Introduction...
Julius Caesar sought to create a calendar that remained aligned to the sun without any human intervention....
Although the first experiences with the founding of colonies were bad, the Romans continued the practice. The...
The aqueduct served a greater purpose than as just a water conduit. Introduction A triple tier of...
The term ‘zealot’ is from the Hebrew kanai/kana’im (those who are “zealous on behalf of God”). Introduction...
Because of their ancestry, plebeians were denied access to any political office or the priesthood. Introduction Plebeians were...
Judea came under Roman control in 63 BCE but was governed by client kings dependent on Roman...
Presenting a general model for the relationship between the population size and functional diversity. By Dr. John...
During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Introduction Elections in the Roman...
Propaganda is ancient, and the tactics are timeless. While the game has moved on, the rules remain...
Suetonius said that Caligula, even in his nineteenth year, could not control his inherent cruelty and viciousness....
The empire’s expansion brought them into contact with a population of different customs, languages, and religions. Introduction...
Hot drinks and early bedtimes were key to a comfortable winter. Images of Italy and the Mediterranean generally...
Constantinople was made the new Ottoman capital, the massive Golden Gate of the Theodosian Walls was made...
Ultimately, it allowed Caesar to overthrow the Roman Republic and led to the establishment of the Imperial...
Dictators were only supposed to be appointed so long as the Romans had to carry on wars...
Rome’s influence lives on in many ways today – in art, architecture and engineering, language and writing,...
After serving one year on the staff of a Syrian legion, he began the long, imperial road...
30,000 slaves were captured and returned to their masters, with another 6,000 being impaled upon wooden stakes...
After the murder of Caesar, Brutus and Cassius (also known as the Liberatores) had left Italy and...
Ovid’s poems in exile have been seen as of fundamental importance for the study of Roman aristocracy...
The Gaulish language and cultural identity underwent a syncretism with the Roman culture of the new governing...
The plague’s social and cultural impact has been compared to that of the Black Death that devastated...
The Roman Empire repeatedly faced an uncertain future. Introduction Two thousand years ago, at the dawn of...
In 44 BC, at the celebration of the Lupercalia, Julius Caesar, seated in a gilded chair at...
Many emperors were raised to gods after death, but just as many received the opposite – officially...
Tutor and advisor to Nero, he was ordered to commit suicide – by Nero. Introduction Lucius Annaeus...