Germany’s stance toward Israel amid the Gaza conflict is undergoing a significant transformation.
By Matthew A. McIntosh
Public Historian
Brewminate
Germany has long been one of Israel’s staunchest allies, with its support deeply rooted in the historical responsibility stemming from the Holocaust. However, the ongoing conflict in Gaza, which has resulted in significant civilian casualties, is prompting a reevaluation of this unwavering support.
Historical Commitment Meets Contemporary Challenges
In the immediate aftermath of the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz reaffirmed Germany’s commitment to Israel, stating that “German history and our responsibility arising from the Holocaust make it our duty to stand up for the existence and security of the State of Israel.” This sentiment was echoed across the German political spectrum, emphasizing solidarity with Israel’s right to self-defense.
However, as the conflict has progressed, resulting in over 53,000 Palestinian deaths, German officials have begun expressing concern over Israel’s military actions. Chancellor Friedrich Merz recently stated that Israel’s actions in Gaza “can no longer be justified” as counter-terrorism, highlighting the humanitarian crisis unfolding in the region.
Public Opinion and Political Pressure
This shift in official rhetoric mirrors changing public opinion within Germany. Younger generations, less influenced by historical guilt, are increasingly critical of Israel’s actions and more sympathetic toward the Palestinian cause. Demographic changes, including a growing Middle Eastern and Muslim population, contribute to this evolving perspective.
The German government faces mounting pressure both domestically and internationally. In March 2024, Nicaragua filed a case against Germany at the International Court of Justice, accusing it of facilitating genocide in Gaza through its support for Israel. Although the case was dismissed on procedural grounds, it underscores the international scrutiny Germany faces.
Arms Exports Under Scrutiny
Germany has historically been a significant arms supplier to Israel. Between 2019 and 2023, Germany accounted for 30% of Israel’s major arms imports. However, in 2024, there was a notable decline in approved arms exports to Israel, dropping to just $34,261 by March—a mere 0.02% of the annual average since 2009. This decline reflects growing concerns within the German government about potential violations of international humanitarian law by Israel.
Despite this, Germany has not implemented a formal arms embargo against Israel. Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul reaffirmed Germany’s commitment to Israel’s security, stating that the government would continue to supply arms while also advocating for increased humanitarian aid to Gaza.
Balancing Historical Responsibility with Human Rights
Germany’s dilemma lies in balancing its historical responsibility toward Israel with its commitment to human rights and international law. While the government continues to support Israel’s right to self-defense, there is a growing recognition that this support must not come at the expense of Palestinian civilian lives. As the humanitarian crisis in Gaza deepens, Germany’s role as a mediator and advocate for peace in the Middle East faces significant challenges.
In conclusion, Germany’s stance toward Israel amid the Gaza conflict is undergoing a significant transformation. While historical ties remain strong, the realities of the current humanitarian situation are prompting German leaders and the public to reconsider the nature and extent of their support for Israel.
Originally published by Brewminate, 06.03.2025, under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license.
