What tools would an alchemist use in the quest to transmute other elements into gold? David Teniers...
Middle Ages
Sforza was an early scientist who experimented with chemistry and medicine. By Amy Lifson Caterina Sforza, the...
South-side portal (detail), Church of Ste. Pierre, 1115-1130, Moissac, France (photo: Simon, Creative Commons) By Dr. Shannon Pritchard...
Cloister, Fontenay Abbey, 12th century By Christine M. Bolli / 08.08.2015 PhD Candidate in Art History University of California,...
Heraldry began on the mid-12th century CE battlefield as an easy means to identify medieval royalty and...
Early Vikings wouldn’t understand nationalism – the secret to their success was to embrace other cultures. The...
Even in a male-dominated society, Viking women were far from powerless. By Emma GroeneveldHistorian Introduction Although women in the Viking Age...
An unlikely combination of artists, medieval historians, philosophers and scientists have converged to create an exhibition of...
The Kingdom of Jerusalem did, in fact, make its own important cultural contributions. On 15 July 1099,...
As Islamic activists assumed power across the Arab and Muslim world, they drifted toward autocracy and repression....
The illustrations in medieval herbals are beautiful and mysterious. But if you know how to read them,...
This 15th-century mystic turned her hand to brewing the bubbly, and she wasn’t very successful. By Karl...
During the fifteenth century, and notably in Italy, the art of translating was profoundly changed by Humanists...
Lawyers spoke their own language, even in the Middle Ages. When John of Salisbury (ca. 1115-1180) decried...
A vivid picture of the emergence of the global market and the beginnings of global competition. Introduction...
John Medewall, bearing a very English-sounding name, describes himself as a foreigner, and as such at a...
Siege tactics were a crucial part of medieval warfare. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Siege tactics were a...
Strategies in translating the first national law-code of Norway, the Landslov from 1274, into English. Abstract This...
Tympanum depicting the “Last Judgment” from the Saint-Lazare Cathedral, Autun, France. c. 1120-1130 or c. 1130-1145. Base...
The League aimed to protect trade, which meant that maintaining peace was also a major concern. Introduction...
Two powerful and often conflicting legal systems had emerged. Early Development When the Germanic tribes entered the...
A new realization of the value of their labor and an unwillingness to be exploited lay behind...
A verger’s dream; Saints Cosmas and Damian, 1495 / Wellcome Library Revealing the realities of the Middle...
How a widow battled back against the Vikings and became one of the most powerful figures in Britain. By (left-to-right)...
By Dr. Sabeen AhmedPhD Candidate, Department of PhilosophyVanderbilt University Poi ch’innalzai un poco piu’le ciglia,vidi ‘l maestro...
Examining the inter-relationship of religion and culture in the time period of medieval Spain known as the...
Periodic outbursts of hostility incited numerous massacres of the Jews in the Middle Ages. Setting the Scene...
Socrates said that law was a discovery of the reality in relations – that is, of the...
Attributed to Albrecht Dürer, woodcut illustration for Chapter 85, “Not Providing for Death” At the start of...
Convent of São Gonçalo, North of Portugal / Photo by Edgar Jiménez, Wikimedia Commons The different stages in the spread...