Since the art of writing was discovered, nearly every form of writing material has been used. By Grahame Johnstone Introduction The invention of writing and in particular of alphabetic writing marked a milestone in cultural development. It provided humanity with a new means of communication that literally inscribed in stone the spoken word. Communication could[…]
Mechanical machinery in the medieval centuries used innovative sources of energy to generate motion and mechanical power. Abstract The fascinating mechanical inventions aiming at the welfare of the human kind started from ancient Egyptians and continued development through different eras. In the medieval centuries, the Islamic civilization paid wonderful attention to mechanical engineering. Banu Mosa[…]
While these contributions may be understood as commonplace in the present day, they were entirely novel in their time. Introduction Ancient Persian culture contributed many of the aspects of the modern world which people simply take for granted as having always existed. The designation “Persia” comes from the Greeks – primarily standardized by the historian[…]
Instagram is a mammoth of a playground. As a platform that over a billion users, it’s one of the most successful marketing tools in the world, but also one where it’s hard to get ahead. And if you’ve been struggling with trying to boost your status on Instagram and grow a following, we’ve compiled a[…]
The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century. Introduction The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions that occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in some Western countries. It began in Britain and spread throughout the world, a process that continues as[…]
Our day by day reliance on cell phones has become a massive piece of our cutting edge fundamentals such as gas, power and water. It is our web, email, individualized computing, camera, video recorder, internet-based life, television, motion pictures, music, maps, schedule mapper, book reader, digital recording, gaming, applications, and obviously, our discussion and content[…]
The 2020s will use increasingly complex technology to ramp up our efforts to understand more about the Universe. Introduction We humans are a curious, questing lot, and the 2020s will see us continue to observe the Universe around us, trying to understand more about fundamental particles, forces, objects and relationships from both ground and space-based[…]
NESSI views the galaxy in infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye. By Elizabeth Landau The darkness surrounding the Hale Telescope breaks with a sliver of blue sky as the dome begins to open, screeching with metallic, sci-fi-like sounds atop San Diego County’s Palomar Mountain. The historic observatory smells of the oil pumped[…]
The world today is very advanced and uses a lot of technologies for almost every task. Further contributing to the competitive nature of businesses, BI reporting has become a necessity in many organizations. They use various software to support their data collection and reporting. Among the many software available, Microsoft Power BI takes a prominent[…]
Not so long ago, people had no idea what would happen to them – and what they would see – once they ascended into the clouds. Introduction Near the beginning of the new film “The Aeronauts,” a giant gas-filled balloon called the “Mammoth” departs from London’s Vauxhall Gardens and ascends into the clouds, revealing a[…]
Did you know the ancient Greeks measured the circumference of the earth, invented robots and the first computer? Ancient China China is the fastest growing economy on earth. One in four of every person on the planet is Chinese, and Shanghai is six times the size of London, offering a home to twenty million people.[…]
Studying animal tooling can provide clues to the mysteries of human evolution. Human beings used to be defined as “the tool-maker” species. But the uniqueness of this description was challenged in the 1960s when Dr. Jane Goodall discovered that chimpanzees will pick and modify grass stems to use to collect termites. Her observations called into[…]
As a result of anti-homosexuality laws in the UK in the 1950s, Alan was charged with gross indecency. Who was Alan Turing? Alan Turing was an English mathematician and pioneer of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. During WW2, he was instrumental in breaking the German Enigma code, leading to Allied victory over Nazi Germany.[…]
Brain functions integrate and compress multiple components of an experience which simply can’t be handled in the way computers sense, process and store data. Many advanced artificial intelligence projects say they are working toward building a conscious machine, based on the idea that brain functions merely encode and process multisensory information. The assumption goes, then,[…]
The first recorded observations of comets, solar eclipses, and supernovae were made in China. Introduction The history of science and technology in China is both long and rich with science and technological contribution. In antiquity, independent of Greek philosophers and other civilizations, ancient Chinese philosophers made significant advances in science, technology, mathematics, and astronomy. The[…]
50 years ago there was no expectation of where the achievement would lead, and the real impact would not begin to be understood for almost 20 years. UCLA October 29, 19699:30 p.m. Boelter Hall is a nondescript but pleasant enough brick building on the UCLA campus, framed by California olive trees and bordered by the grass-lined[…]
As the country grew, each census required greater effort than the last. That problem led to the invention of the punched card. By Dr. David Lindsay RobertsAdjunct Professor of MathematicsPrince George’s Community College Introduction The U.S. Constitution requires that a population count be conducted at the beginning of every decade. This census has always been[…]
As the new millennium began, greed, ignorance, and misplaced hopes within the tech world nearly destroyed the financial potential for the internet. “When will the Internet Bubble burst?” For scores of ‘Net upstarts, that unpleasant popping sound is likely to be heard before the end of this year.” Jack Willoughby, Barron’s, March 2000 It was[…]
The inventions themselves were not an immediately profitable investment throughout many parts of Europe during the 18th century. Introduction The Industrial Revolution was a time of great change and development throughout parts of Europe in which society made substantial technological progress. A large amount of this progress was centered in Britain, not only because of[…]
Horses were not used for transport, ploughing, warfare or any other practical human activity until quite late in history, and the chariot was the first such application. By Rodrigo Quijada PlubinsHistorian Introduction The chariot was a light vehicle, usually on two wheels, drawn by one or more horses, often carrying two standing persons, a driver[…]
The first internet communication was underwhelming, thanks to a computer crash. But a lot has happened since then – including key decisions that helped build the internet of today. Introduction Fifty years ago, a UCLA computer science professor and his student sent the first message over the predecessor to the internet, a network called ARPANET.[…]
The internet may have been “born” in October 1969, but it then percolated for years as complex, near-impenetrable masses of data stored in computers around the world. “I don’t feel like a father of anything. It’s not how I think of myself. Every now and again, I think, ‘you know what? I invented the search[…]
The Sumerians first explored the practice of the scientific hypothesis. Introduction Mesopotamian science and technology developed during the Uruk Period (4100-2900 BCE) and Early Dynastic Period (2900-1750 BCE) of the Sumerian culture of southern Mesopotamia. The foundation of future Mesopotamian advances in scientific/technological progress was laid by the Sumerians who first explored the practice of[…]
The scroll was discovered and painstakingly unrolled in 1795. More than 200 years ago, scholars glued the remains of an ancient papyrus scroll onto cardboard to preserve it. But the scroll, a history of Plato’s Academy, also had writing on the back. Now scholars have deployed imaging technology to read what’s been concealed. This scroll[…]
Eight decades after missing aviator Amelia Earhart was declared dead, technologies still don’t quite track every airplane all over the globe. By Dr. Brian Strzempkowski and Dr. Shawn PruchnickiStrzempkowski: Assistant DirectorPruchnicki: LecturerCenter for Aviation StudiesThe Ohio State University When Amelia Earhart took off in 1937 to fly around the world, people had been flying airplanes for only[…]
Thoreau’s attitude toward the railroad was foremost one of ambivalence. What’s The Railroad To Me? What’s the railroad to me?I never go to seeWhere it ends.It fills a few hollows,And makes banks for the swallows,It sets the sand a-blowing,And the blackberries a-growingWalden, H. Thoreau Henry Thoreau (1817-1862) was a transcendentalist writer, poet, and naturalist who[…]
Technology is the driving factor that will change the face of education in the years to come. This is evident over the last few years with devices and online tutorials edging their way into the school curriculum. The giant companies such as Google, Apple and Microsoft are the main players who strive for improving the[…]
Looking at ancient Israeli construction and architecture, writing, industrial tools, and weapons of war. Introduction Technology enabled ancient Israel, the Northern Kingdom excluding Judah, to be economically prosperous and establish itself as a major political power as early as the 10th century BCE, steadily growing until its destruction in 720 BCE. Some of the most important[…]
In addition to the numerous pioneering works of science fiction by which he made his name, H. G. Wells also published a steady stream of non-fiction meditations, mainly focused on themes salient to his stories: the effects of technology, human folly, and the idea of progress. As Peter J. Bowler explores, for Wells the notion[…]
Two defining technologies of nineteenth-century America—railroads and photography—developed largely in parallel and brought about drastic changes in how people understood time and space. Originally published by the United States Library of Congress to the public domain.