The very concept of “woman” changed in a number of ways during the Middle Ages. Introduction Women...
Medieval
Bologna remained a preeminent center for legal study and training for many centuries. Introduction The origins of...
All Imperial Estates enjoyed immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman...
During the sede vacante in 1241, Frederick II blocked the arrival of some cardinal electors known to...
This hoax has resulted in the arrest and killing of Jews throughout history. Introduction Blood libel or...
Pluck. Crush. Cork. Medieval calendars remind us that September is the month for making wine. If planting...
Medieval people called it “the blue sickness”, “La pest” (the pestilence), and “the Great Mortality”. NOTE: Hover...
In medieval times natural phenomena, such as comets and eclipses, were regarded as portents of natural disasters,...
Not until the 1800s did such masks become valued for themselves. Introduction A death mask is a...
The Confederation was an imposition from the outside onto the Baltic people. Introduction The Livonian Confederation was...
The institution of slavery had long antecedents in Scandinavia, probably going back thousands of years before the...
The Annals of St. Bertin refer to a group of Vikings, who called themselves Rhos (qi se,...
Exploring some changes in European life that led to the Renaissance. Introduction Much of the power in...
Exploring trade and commerce, homes and households, disease and medicine, crime and punishment, and leisure and entertainment....
Some misconceptions are due to lack of education and experience, and some are utter nonsense and historically...
The relative inexpensiveness of the infantryman, combined with a shortage of manpower, provided incentives for expanding their...
Exploring the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the High Middle Ages, from about...
They improved ways of doing things that influenced the Scientific Revolution in Europe centuries later. Introduction In...
Saints were sometimes associated with protecting animals, particularly in magical texts or ‘charms’. St Francis of Assisi...
The document’s validity had been contested since 1001 CE until finally proven to be a forgery. Introduction...
Exploring the key events that contributed to the decline of feudalism in Europe from the 12th through...
Exploring the political and economic system that developed in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Introduction Historians...
This movement led to the start of many new Christian churches that broke away from the Catholic...
Christians mounted violent campaigns against Jews and heretics in addition to the wars in Europe, North Africa,...
The Church had a close relationship with the English state throughout the Middle Ages. Introduction Medieval Religion...
Exploring imperial China during the period from about 221 BCE to about 1644 CE. Introduction The word...
All of the extra features, such as marginal glossing and pointing hands, tell you about how the...
Infighting between Louis the Pious’s sons and external threats from different civilizations contributed to the collapse. Introduction...
The rise of Turkish power in Anatolia eventually gave rise to the Ottoman Empire which rapidly conquered...
Rome’s influence lives on in many ways today – in art, architecture and engineering, language and writing,...