The historical western European Christmas custom of electing a “Lord of Misrule” may have its roots in...
Rome
Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights. Introduction The...
Cavalry training for the new recruits (tironis) was long, about four months, and demanding. Introduction The Roman army consisted...
Bishop Ambrose wrote Theodosius a letter stating the emperor needed to demonstrate repentance for the massacre. Introduction...
Celtic religion in Gaul changed from natural religion at the period of conquest by Caesar to civic...
Julius Caesar sought to create a calendar that remained aligned to the sun without any human intervention....
Although the first experiences with the founding of colonies were bad, the Romans continued the practice. The...
The Roman Empire began as a single city-state, and it ended the same way. Constantinople at first had...
The aqueduct served a greater purpose than as just a water conduit. Introduction A triple tier of...
Issues of fertility in the Roman world are well documented. By Jordan Reece Tayeh Introduction Divinity has...
The term ‘zealot’ is from the Hebrew kanai/kana’im (those who are “zealous on behalf of God”). Introduction...
Because of their ancestry, plebeians were denied access to any political office or the priesthood. Introduction Plebeians were...
Judea came under Roman control in 63 BCE but was governed by client kings dependent on Roman...
Written under the patronage of the first emperor of Rome, Virgil’s ‘Aenied’ can be understood as political...
Presenting a general model for the relationship between the population size and functional diversity. By Dr. John...
Saint Valentine is commemorated in the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Churches on February 14. Introduction Saint...
During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Introduction Elections in the Roman...
Propaganda is ancient, and the tactics are timeless. While the game has moved on, the rules remain...
Suetonius said that Caligula, even in his nineteenth year, could not control his inherent cruelty and viciousness....
Hannibal appeals to many as the ultimate underdog, but it wasn’t just his genius on the battlefield...
A ‘Pyrrhic victory” denotes a victory that is so damaging to the winning side that it is...
The elite classes in Rome and Athens found lucrative business endeavors necessary in order to climb their...
The Roman hierarchy created different rights and privileges, including voting rights, marriage rights, and more. Introduction Social...
For its courts, modern Europe turned to the old Roman cognitio in the form of the so-called Romano-canonical procedure....
The Roman house was, as is true today, where the nuclear family lived. When one thinks of...
The barracks emperors rose in response to a series of threats to the stability of the state....
The fall of the Roman republic has prompted many historical reflections across the ages. Abstract This article...
There was intricate, complex, and extensive accounting of Roman trade. Introduction Roman commerce was a major sector of...
A German archaeologist deciphered the Roman amphitheater’s amazing underground labyrinth. By Dr. Tom MuellerHistorian and Author Note:...
Catiline was in search of a massive social and economic upheaval of the status quo. Overview and...