The Roman Empire began as a single city-state, and it ended the same way. Constantinople at first had...
Rome
The aqueduct served a greater purpose than as just a water conduit. Introduction A triple tier of...
Issues of fertility in the Roman world are well documented. By Jordan Reece Tayeh Introduction Divinity has...
The term ‘zealot’ is from the Hebrew kanai/kana’im (those who are “zealous on behalf of God”). Introduction...
Because of their ancestry, plebeians were denied access to any political office or the priesthood. Introduction Plebeians were...
Judea came under Roman control in 63 BCE but was governed by client kings dependent on Roman...
Written under the patronage of the first emperor of Rome, Virgil’s ‘Aenied’ can be understood as political...
Presenting a general model for the relationship between the population size and functional diversity. By Dr. John...
Saint Valentine is commemorated in the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Churches on February 14. Introduction Saint...
During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Introduction Elections in the Roman...
Propaganda is ancient, and the tactics are timeless. While the game has moved on, the rules remain...
Suetonius said that Caligula, even in his nineteenth year, could not control his inherent cruelty and viciousness....
Hannibal appeals to many as the ultimate underdog, but it wasn’t just his genius on the battlefield...
A ‘Pyrrhic victory” denotes a victory that is so damaging to the winning side that it is...
The elite classes in Rome and Athens found lucrative business endeavors necessary in order to climb their...
The Roman hierarchy created different rights and privileges, including voting rights, marriage rights, and more. Introduction Social...
For its courts, modern Europe turned to the old Roman cognitio in the form of the so-called Romano-canonical procedure....
The Roman house was, as is true today, where the nuclear family lived. When one thinks of...
The barracks emperors rose in response to a series of threats to the stability of the state....
The fall of the Roman republic has prompted many historical reflections across the ages. Abstract This article...
There was intricate, complex, and extensive accounting of Roman trade. Introduction Roman commerce was a major sector of...
A German archaeologist deciphered the Roman amphitheater’s amazing underground labyrinth. By Dr. Tom MuellerHistorian and Author Note:...
Catiline was in search of a massive social and economic upheaval of the status quo. Overview and...
The great majority of the people ruled by Rome were engaged in agriculture. Introduction Roman agriculture describes the...
‘Census’ is a Latin word, and the modern notion of a state counting the population is a...
Few other societies have reveled in and revered the deliberate and purposeful killing of men and women...
This agora was destroyed by invasions by the Germanic Heruli and Visigoths in 267 CE and 396...
Pliny’s letter to Trajan is significant as one of the earliest descriptions of the Christian movement from...
The power and influence Agrippina had reached were unprecedented for a woman in ancient Rome. By Giacomo...
The Romans extended their control into German territory and developed a nearly unbroken line of fortifications over...