Guilds started as small associations of skilled artisans, experienced and confirmed experts in their field of handicraft....
Middle Ages
Trades and trading practices varied over time and place throughout the Middle Ages. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction...
King John has gone down in history as one of the very worst kings ever to sit...
This Western-style organizational form gradually spread from the medieval Latin west across the globe. Introduction A medieval...
The library-era, as we may call it, began with the publication of the Rule of S. Benedict...
The Roman Catholic Church regarded the sect as heretical, and the Vatican launched the Albigensian Crusade to...
Hildegard of Bingen was called the “Sibyl of the Rhine” because of her apocalyptic visions. Introduction Hildegard...
The consequences of the revolt were limited. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction The Peasants’ Revolt, also known as...
During one attack in 1393, Charles could not remember his name, did not know he was king,...
He was the author of the Shāhnāmeh (Epic of Kings), the national epic of the Persian-speaking world....
Considering the Civil War, the re-issue of the charter and the formation of early forms of parliament....
Exploring the events that led to the reissue and revival of Magna Carta by Henry III and...
Each generation, each epoch, has seen themselves apocalyptically, albeit with great differences as to what the actual...
Created between 1377 and 1382, it is the oldest surviving French tapestry. Introduction The Apocalypse Tapestry is...
In the time of Kievan Rus’, goldwork embroidery flourished in the lives of the feudal elite and...
The development of extensive trade routes allowed Russia to grow in size and power. The Viking Influence...
By 600 CE, the Slavs had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. Introduction The East...
It was justified by reference to historical myths that nobles and servile peasants were separated by courage...
A medieval world where caves and underground shelters provided refuge from raiders, allowing a threatened civilization to...
Exploring the evolution of our rights and freedoms and the relevance of the Great Charter today. Introduction...
Magna Carta’s place in modern legal and popular culture and the importance of its 800-year-old symbolism. Introduction...
Starting in 1297, a small group of particularly wealthy merchants blocked political and economic competition. Abstract International...
A wide-ranging new Getty book examines the role of text and image across cultures over the thousand-year...
Jerusalem has been an urban center for approximately 5,000 years. Introduction Jerusalem is the capital of the...
The history of jury trials and their relationship to Magna Carta. Introduction From medieval justice to the...
How Magna Carta was both influenced by, and impacted upon, the institutions and customs of its day....
Although often engaged in conquest, the Sassanids also entered into peace treaties and engaged in widespread trade....
How knowledge, belief, sex, and power were viewed in the medieval world. Knowledge The way medieval eyes...
A rough genealogy of the way in which the central narrative of Buddhism ended up in a...
This is probably the best expression of of Pizan’s views of contemporary medieval women. The Woman Question...