In the Middle Ages, Constantinople was the richest European city and was known as the “Queen of...
Rome
Caesar fought in a civil war that left him undisputed master of the Roman world. Introduction Gaius...
Pompey fought on the side of the Optimates, the conservative faction in the Roman Senate, until he...
The foundations of the modern world derive from the Classic Age as it was reformulated during the...
Justifications for the propagandizing elements in these mosaics are not difficult. Power on earth was once –...
Much of the history of Western Europe post-476 C.E. has been an attempt to revive the legacy...
Trajan’s legacy proved to be one of the most enduring in the history of the Roman Empire....
Is this statue at the Vatican actually the ancient sculpture mentioned by Pliny, or rather a clever...
Conservators and scientists devote 15 months to preserving an ancient treasure from one of Italy’s great museums....
Organized education was relatively rare, and there are few primary sources or accounts until the 2nd century...
Because is inseparably linked with Augustus with little known about him, Agrippa’s story will always be told...
Ancient iron nails would hardly be considered Art, but they could offer insights on Roman metalworking. Introduction...
The goal of Roman crucifixion was not just death, but also dishonor. Introduction Crucifixion was an ancient...
His reign is described as a tyranny that justified the abolition of the monarchy. Introduction Lucius Tarquinius...
He is traditionally viewed as the second of the so-called “Mad Emperors,” the first being Caligula. Introduction...
Censors were elected every four or five years by the comitia centuriata, the assembly of Rome with...
Their annihilation on the Raudian plain was not the last time they would clash arms with Rome....
The beginning of Ptolemaic influence in Nubia began when Ptolemy II led a campaign against the kingdom...
The treatment of the military subject in Shakespeare’s Roman plays complicates early modern cultural understandings of the...
A number of highly educated citizens could speak and read both Greek and Latin. Introduction The Roman...
By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Regional, inter-regional and international trade was a common feature of the Roman world....
Even citizens found their city confusing. A city – a free city – was where a man...
The trials for ambitus were numerous in the time of the republic. Introduction In ancient Roman law,...
Political offices and institutions were designed to prevent any one man from becoming too powerful. Political Institutions...
This refers to any one of several ancient Roman laws (leges maiestatis) dealing with crimes against the...
Similarities of its features suggest a strong influence on the Christian celebration of Christmas. By Mark CartwrightHistorian...
Monetary, fiscal, military, political, and economic issues are all very much intertwined. Two centuries ago, in 1776,...
An analysis of the Aeneid and the extent to which it can be taken as a commentary...
Slavery, for many civilizations throughout human history, has been an inescapable fact. By Harrison Kavanagh Like all...
Fertility cult, however loosely and often unhelpfully defined, has long been an accepted element of ancient religious...