Setting Precedent: The First Senate and President Washington Struggle to Define “Advice and Consent”

Setting Precedent: The First Senate and President Washington Struggle to Define “Advice and Consent”

November 4, 2024

Our Constitution and the governmental structure that it created have weathered crises, adapted to change, and stood...

The End of China’s Canton Trade System

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The End of China’s Canton Trade System

April 9, 2023

Despite their common interests, relations between the foreigners and the Chinese community grew more tense during the...

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Machiavelli Wasn’t Machiavellian: Nuances between Compromise and Contradiction

October 30, 2024

Machiavelli’s earlier book, Discourses on Livy, displayed strong support for free speech, a republican form of government, and compromise....

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The Quest for a Poetics of Goodness in Plato and Aristotle

January 18, 2024

Comparing the different approaches towards artistic activity of Plato and Aristotle. By David OrozcoProfessor of PhilosophyPontificia Universidad...

Made in Taiwan?: An Eighteenth-Century Frenchman’s Fictional Formosa

May 13, 2022

Fictional characters, unlike laudanum-addicted impostors, never really die. A handsome youth with shoulder-length golden hair sits in...

Fig. 5 Pieter Brueghel the Younger, copy of Bruegel the Elder, Peasant and Nestrobber, after 1616, oil on panel, 42.5 x 58.1 cm, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Mass. (photo by Michael Agee) (artwork in the public domain)

Peasant and Nestrobber: Bruegel as Witness of His Times in 16th-Century Antwerp and Brussels

January 28, 2024

In ‘Peasant and Nestrobber’, Bruegel was engaged with the troubles of his time. Abstract Pieter Bruegel the...

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Medieval Mystic Margery Kempe and the Economics of Beer Brewing

March 31, 2025

This 15th-century mystic turned her hand to brewing the bubbly, and she wasn’t very successful. By Karl...

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The Evolutionary Origins and Significance of Drug Addiction

November 30, 2025

By looking at drug addiction from an evolutionary perspective, we may understand its underlying significance and evaluate...

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The Grolier Codex: What the Oldest Manuscript to Survive Spanish Conquest Reveals

December 22, 2024

Extensive trade networks connected the Maya to the rest of Mesoamerica, producing the dynamic landscapes and bustling...

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Impacts of the Doctrine of Discovery, Manifest Destiny, and American Exceptionalism

April 5, 2024

Looking at some of the direct results of the Christian belief in God-sanctioned dominion. By Paul KivelEducator...

Haiti’s Declaration of Independence: Digging for Lost Documents in the Archives of the Atlantic World

September 29, 2024

By the late nineteenth century, no official copy could be found of the document that introduced Haiti...

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Dial ‘S’ for Sex: A History of a Phone-Booth Subculture in the United Kingdom

November 21, 2021

Sex worker card collection, Thomas SG Farnetti / Wellcome Collection, Creative Commons In the 1980s a change...

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The Victorian Prostitute Whose ‘Pox’ Inspired Feminists

July 27, 2025

In Victorian times, syphilis was believed to arise spontaneously in a prostitute’s body, a result of ‘immorality’....

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A History of the Medieval University of Paris

May 22, 2025

The historic University of Paris first appeared in the second half of the twelfth century. Introduction The...

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Medieval Monasteries: Community Centers of Technology and Education

September 5, 2025

Monasteries were important centers of learning which educated the young and produced new technologies for agricultural and...

Lincoln’s Legacy of Justice and Equality of Opportunity

January 7, 2024

In a time of great national crisis, a president took the bold step of declaring freedom for...

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A Bill of Lading Delivers the Goods: The Constitutionality and Effect of the Emancipation Proclamation

November 3, 2024

A bill of lading is a document issued by a carrier to a shipper acknowledging receipt of...

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Johanna Elberskirchen: Sexual Radical and Woman of Her Time

August 19, 2022

In 1896, a woman university student living in Zurich published in pamphlet form an extraordinary tirade against...

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The History and Psychology of Human Sexuality

September 2, 2024

As important as sexuality is to being human, it is often viewed as a taboo topic for...

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Ancient Roman Invective: Oral Political Assassination

November 23, 2022

This tactic could set a political foe aside from the whole community and turn the audience against...

‘The First Man of Greece’: Epaminondas and the End of Spartan Tyranny over Thebes

October 26, 2022

Epaminondas transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent...

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The Life of Rosina Bulwer Lytton: Women and Mental Health in the 19th Century

June 17, 2024

Rosina Bulwer Lytton, from A Blighted Life, 1880 / Wellcome Collection, Creative Commons The life of Rosina...

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The ‘Land of Pales’: An Overview of Ancient Palestine

February 18, 2025

The region of Palestine is among the earliest sites of human habitation in the world. Introduction Palestine...

Investigating the Origins of the Slavs

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Investigating the Origins of the Slavs

February 20, 2022

Every third European is a speaker of a Slavic language. By area, nearly half of Europe speaks...

A Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

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A Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

February 26, 2023

By one interpretation of the historiography criterion, Southeastern Europe enters protohistory only with Homer. At any rate,...

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Rules of the Tribe: Hardcore Punks and Hair Metal in the 1980s

October 4, 2023

A new scene was taking root, composed of bands that combined punk’s politics and attitude with the...

Steampunk for Historians

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Steampunk for Historians

June 4, 2023

Besides its striking visual characteristics, we might also consider steampunk a novel and popular way of “doing”...

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The Cult of France and its King: Political Theory in the Mazarinades during the Fronde, 1648-1653

May 6, 2023

The concept of absolutism – the divine right to rule – dominated the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries...

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The Midwest Farmers Movement That Challenged Gilded Age Capitalism

June 10, 2025

In the 19th century, the Grange was an agricultural brotherhood that sought to foster mutual self-reliance and...

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‘Peonage’: 19th-Century New Mexico and the History of Colonial Spain’s Debt Enslavement

May 10, 2023

A system inherited from colonial Spain kept Americans in servitude even after the Civil War. Imagine a...