These luxurious manuscripts were written and illuminated between the late eighth century and the first quarter of...
Middle Ages
The title “doge” was the title of the senior-most elected official of Venice and Genoa. Introduction The...
Exploring voting rules and electoral procedures used in the Middle Ages in both ecclesiastical and secular contexts....
It is less well-known than the Black Death plague but was constantly present throughout the Middle Ages....
Old English continued to be used a century after William’s victory at the Battle of Hastings. Even...
In Greek and Roman mythology, a “palladium” was an image of great antiquity on which the safety...
The meaning and significance of devotion to the Holy Name remained open, malleable, and unstable. Introduction The...
A prayer book including ‘seals’ that offered supernatural protection. In addition to containing the daily cycle of...
Examining objects and material culture in ritual performances intended to heal, protect and transform the living and...
During the Late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the concept and scope of the Inquisition significantly...
The Cathars were first noted in the 1140s in Southern France, and the Waldensians around 1170 in...
Throughout the history of the book, scribes and artists have incorporated nature into their creations. Flowers are...
Family arms and honor were put on the line, ladies were wooed, and even national pride was...
Perhaps those fortune-telling games have been circulating for much longer than we think! How can you predict...
The idea of organized satanic witchcraft was invented in Europe by church authorities, who at first were...
Some bestiary descriptions explained a creature’s Christian significance while others focused on physical characteristics. Introduction The bestiary...
Their mission was not only to convert people but especially kings and rulers, thereby making the people...
The Edict of Milan made the Roman Empire officially neutral with regard to religious worship – and...
Jewish practitioners participated in the exchange of knowledge between Christian and Muslim writers and practitioners. The Book...
Drake was on an official mission to find a trade route – and a secret mission from...
Looking at developments that shaped culture during the period. Introduction Few historical concepts have such powerful resonance...
Charlemagne took a serious interest in scholarship, promoting the liberal arts at the court, and encouraging education....
Medicine had become highly professionalized by the late Middle Ages and was patriarchal, but women like Trotula...
They had sophisticated medical treatments at their fingertips – from preventative hygiene to prosthetics. Introduction The conventional...
How he chronicled, commemorated, and mourned his many loved ones who succumbed. This article, Petrarch’s Plague: Love,...
They were founded in 1113 CE with the full name of ‘Knights of the Order of the...
If King Arthur existed at all, we will probably never know the truth about what he was...
Introduction A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade...
Guilds secured the monopoly and the commerce of the cities, controlling the various activities and selling all...
Since ancient times animals have been the source of medicinal substances used in various cultures. Abstract Animals...