There was intricate, complex, and extensive accounting of Roman trade. Introduction Roman commerce was a major sector of...
Commerce
How a story he told circulated, first through his own works, and then abroad, as a parable...
In approximately 630 BCE, someone in the Anatolian kingdom of Lydia stamped a piece of precious metal....
The discovery has served to enhance our understanding of this fleeting moment of ancient Mediterranean history. Introduction...
Some of Europe’s elite began to ponder how they could get direct access to the spices of...
Silk became so popular that the Roman Senate periodically issued proclamations to prohibit the wearing it on...
Typical goods traded by the Celts included salt, slaves, iron, gold, and furs. Introduction Trade in raw materials...
The early West African societies of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai all created empires that gained much of...
When exactly salt became a trade commodity is unknown, but the exchange of salt for cereals dates...
Looking at globalization in three distinct phases – 1.0 (countries), 2.0 (companies), and 3.0 (individuals). Introduction The...
Examining the guilds and professional associations driving ancient commerce in Hellenistic Roman Macedon. Establishment of a New...
During this period, China’s huge cities dwarfed the cities of medieval Europe. Introduction The Song period was...
Exploring how the Chinese both welcomed and rejected foreign contacts. Introduction At times, the Chinese welcomed foreign...
Typically the key “privilege” was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice...
Guilds secured the monopoly and the commerce of the cities, controlling the various activities and selling all...
There are dozens of different ways to view history. You can see history from the perspective of...
How did extraction, production, and exchange shape the physical and cultural landscape of North America? Originally published...
Evaluating the effectiveness of financial markets in the early Roman Empire. Abstract Here I use a theoretical...
The earliest written sources of Homer and Hesiod attest to the existence of trade (emporia) and merchants...
Mercantilism was a political movement and an economic theory, dominant in Europe between 1600 and 1800. Introduction...
The parasites found within the 2,000-year-old-feces smeared on bamboo suggest more than commodities made the trip. By...
It was not until the Persian Invasion of 525 BCE that a cash economy was instituted in...
Discussions of economics have existed since ancient times but it was not a separate discipline until the...
Starting in 1297, a small group of particularly wealthy merchants blocked political and economic competition. Abstract International...
By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Regional, inter-regional and international trade was a common feature of the Roman world....
The Silk Road was a vast trade network connecting Eurasia and North Africa via land and sea...
Direct taxation was not well-developed in ancient Greece. Introduction The economy of ancient Greece was defined largely...
Cultural, economic, and knowledge transfer occurred in spite of a seemingly long series of hurdles that had...
The European explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) traveled on these routes and described them in depth in...
The reputation of Chinese silk spread so that it became highly desired across the empires of the...