The Rus are first mentioned in the Annals of Saint-Bertin. Introduction Kievan Rus (862-1242 CE) was a...
History
After capturing Constantinople in 1204, the Fourth Crusaders established several states in former Byzantine territory. Starting from...
The discovery of lapis lazuli pigment preserved in the dental calculus of a religious woman in Germany...
“Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist party?” Introduction In the...
After about 1244 CE, the city remained a backwater of the late medieval Muslim empires and would...
Jews living in Europe were easy, early targets for Crusaders while life was comparatively tranquil in Islamic...
Cultural, economic, and knowledge transfer occurred in spite of a seemingly long series of hurdles that had...
The history of Eurasia is the collective history of a continental area with several distinct peripheral coastal...
Chinese immigration to the United States was a result of European and American imperialism in Asia on...
The first statute in the United States to codify naturalization law. Alternately known as the Nationality Act,...
James Madison proposed 12 amendments to the Constitution, but only 10 were approved. When the Constitutional Convention...
The absence of a “bill of rights” turned out to be an obstacle to the Constitution’s ratification...
In spite of the military genius of Hannibal, Carthage was destroyed as the result of three wars...
The Notre Dame Cathedral wasn’t static. The design, as with most cathedrals, kept changing to keep up...
Soil is a valuable resource that needs to be carefully managed as it is easily damaged. Introduction...
The Westerners managed to maintain a political presence in the region until 1291 CE but were constantly...
Painstaking reconstruction of fragments of text has revealed the working draft of an ancient Jewish calendar and...
Five of the Dead Sea Scrolls at the Museum of Bible were found to be forged. The...
The alliance’s name derives from the island of Delos, where the League originally housed its treasury. By...
The League gave Sparta protection from uprisings within its own borders and eventually secured its dominance in...
Ratified by the United States Senate unanimously without debate on June 7, 1797, taking effect June 10,...
The Albigensian Crusade was the first crusade to specifically target heretic Christians – the Cathars of southern...
As the political boundaries of the Roman Empire diminished and collapsed in the West, Christianity spread beyond...
The first Hindu temples were built from rock-cut caves. By Mark CartwrightHistorian Introduction Hindu architecture evolved over...
With the establishment of the medieval towns, Italian city-states and maritime republics, the patriciate was a formally...
According to Livy, the first 100 men appointed as senators by Romulus were referred to as “fathers”...
As Leonardo da Vinci found centuries ago, scholars of art, design, engineering and science can work together...
In philosophy, the notion of virtue played a central role in ethical theory up until the Enlightenment....
The armies could have involved over 100,000 men on either side who came from all over Europe....
To reach this elevated status became more and more challenging as the Middle Ages wore on. By...