Architectural Spolia and Urban Transformation in Ancient and Medieval RomeThere was a desire for the continuity of the Roman decorative tradition and of the prestige attached...
Roman
Crucifixion in the Ancient Roman WorldOne of the most difficult misconceptions to resolve is the question of methodology. By John C. Robison...
Hadrian’s Travels around the Roman EmpireHadrian was a capable administrator and a competent military commander. Introduction No other Roman emperor travelled as much as Hadrian (r....
Celts and Romans: The Transformation from Natural to Civil ReligionCeltic religion in Gaul changed from natural religion at the period of conquest by Caesar to civic...
Constantinople and Rome: Infrastructure and Planning in the Capitals of the Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire began as a single city-state, and it ended the same way. Constantinople at first had...
Saint Valentine, Christian Martyr in Ancient RomeSaint Valentine is commemorated in the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Churches on February 14. Introduction Saint...
When Winning Is Still Losing: Roman Warfare in the Age of PyrrhusA ‘Pyrrhic victory” denotes a victory that is so damaging to the winning side that it is...
Capitalism in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome: Risk and Unethical BusinessThe elite classes in Rome and Athens found lucrative business endeavors necessary in order to climb their...
Social Class in Ancient RomeThe Roman hierarchy created different rights and privileges, including voting rights, marriage rights, and more. Introduction Social...
Roman Law: The History of Law in EuropeFor its courts, modern Europe turned to the old Roman cognitio in the form of the so-called Romano-canonical procedure....
Domus: Home Art and Architecture in Ancient RomeThe Roman house was, as is true today, where the nuclear family lived. When one thinks of...
The Roman Barracks Emperors Chosen by Military Troops in the Third CenturyThe barracks emperors rose in response to a series of threats to the stability of the state....
The Fall of the Roman Republic in Late Elizabethan and Early Jacobean DramaThe fall of the Roman republic has prompted many historical reflections across the ages. Abstract This article...
Business and Commerce in Ancient RomeThere was intricate, complex, and extensive accounting of Roman trade. Introduction Roman commerce was a major sector of...
Secrets of the Colosseum in Ancient RomeA German archaeologist deciphered the Roman amphitheater’s amazing underground labyrinth. By Dr. Tom MuellerHistorian and Author Note:...
The Catilinarian Conspiracy to Overthrow the Ancient Roman RepublicCatiline was in search of a massive social and economic upheaval of the status quo. Overview and...
Latifundium: Agriculture in Ancient RomeThe great majority of the people ruled by Rome were engaged in agriculture. Introduction Roman agriculture describes the...
Vox Populi: The Population of Ancient Rome‘Census’ is a Latin word, and the modern notion of a state counting the population is a...
Emma Southon on the True Crime Stories of Ancient RomeFew other societies have reveled in and revered the deliberate and purposeful killing of men and women...
The Hellenistic and Roman Agora of Ancient AthensThis agora was destroyed by invasions by the Germanic Heruli and Visigoths in 267 CE and 396...
Pliny the Younger: An Outsider’s View of Early Christianity in the Roman EmpirePliny’s letter to Trajan is significant as one of the earliest descriptions of the Christian movement from...
Infrastructure, Ancient Rome, and ‘Limits to Growth’Romans financed their expansion and government operations using the resources taken from vanquished territories. By Kurt CobbResource...
Reading Like a Roman: ‘Vergilius Vaticanus’ and the Puzzle of Ancient Book CultureExploring Graeco-Roman reading culture through one of its best-preserved and most lavishly-illustrated artefacts. This article, Reading Like...
What a Baker from Ancient Pompeii Can Teach Us about HappinessWhile they weren’t living through a pandemic, citizens of ancient Pompeii weren’t strangers to societal stress. Introduction...
Taking It to the Cleaners with the Fullers in Ancient RomeThe occupation of fuller had a long history, dating back to Mesopotamia long before c.1600 BCE. Introduction...
The Origin of Privacy as a Legal Value in Ancient Roman and English LawLike the roots of the concept of “citizen”, the origin of the legal construction of “privacy” lies...
Poisons, Poisoning, and the Drug Trade in Ancient RomeThe history of poisons and poisoning goes back about 5,000 years to the earliest written records of...
Constantine’s Conversion to ChristianityAlthough Constantine is acclaimed as the first emperor to embrace Christianity, he was not technically the first...
The Eastern Trade Network of Ancient RomeSilk became so popular that the Roman Senate periodically issued proclamations to prohibit the wearing it on...
Historiography of the Fall of the Western Roman EmpireThe end of the Western Roman Empire traditionally has been seen by historians to mark the end...