By equating political opposition with existential threat, leaders constructed a framework in which violence became inevitable. The...              
            History
                The Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was more than a vigilante group. It was a cultural movement...              
            
                The story of the Blackshirts and Brownshirts is not merely about uniforms and marches. It is about...              
            
                What “dance” meant in the Byzantine context is not always clear. By Dr. Leslie BrubakerProfessor Emerita of...              
            
                Dance was thus one of many behaviours used in a constant renegotiation of where everyone stood in...              
            
                At long last, the archaeologists could confirm that the pharaoh was still inside the tomb and that...              
            
                A Black cowboy, George McJunkin, found a site that would transform scientific views about the deep history...              
            
                ‘Wabi’ and ‘sabi’ are Japanese words with long histories. By Dr. Paul S. AtkinsProfessor of JapaneseUniversity of...              
            
                The hymn was preserved orally because it had become a popular song and was finally committed to...              
            
                Tea was traded as currency, consumed as sustenance, elevated as ritual, and debated as medicine. Its journey...              
            
                The eighteenth century was the crucible of coffee’s New World history. What began with a few transplanted...              
            
                Beer in nineteenth-century America was never just about drinking. It was about identity, industry, labor, politics, and...              
            
                In the 13th and 14th centuries, Mayapán was the largest Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula. Introduction...              
            
                The return of an important monument to Mexico spotlights a culture whose influence is still felt in...              
            
                The prehistoric and early ethno-linguistic peoples of Venezuela stand as witnesses to the region’s role as both...              
            
                Colonial Venezuela was a paradox. It appeared marginal, yet it mattered. Its society was hierarchical, yet constantly...              
            
                Venezuela continues to reimagine itself, to fight over its identity, to seek renewal even in collapse. Its...              
            
                Twenty Nazi physicians and three administrators were tried for committing horrible acts. By Dr. George J. AnnasDirector...              
            
                Why would refined noblemen want to sit next to common people who had lice, open wounds, skin...              
            
                When Fleming looked upon his Petri dish in 1928 and saw the death of bacteria near a...              
            
                Attempts to weaponize plague in the medieval world reveal both tactical desperation and cultural anxiety. They demonstrate...              
            
                How protection of citizens from health threats came to be a public responsibility and the public health...              
            
                Her request to cross the British strongholds became a matter of international diplomacy. By Michael Quentin MorganWriter...              
            
                Similar to other Hellenistic artworks, the Nike is extraordinarily dramatic in composition and style. Introduction Standing at...              
            
                Communities around the globe invested immense effort into creating stone monuments that mediated between life and death,...              
            
                Underwater exploration in the medieval and early modern periods was never a single trajectory of progress. It...              
            
                The dream of spaceflight, cultivated in imagination, theory, and experiment, gave rise to the technology that made...              
            
                Sugar plantations are a phenomenon tied to European colonization of the Americas. Introduction A sugar plantation dominates...              
            
                The crucial importance of product innovation, demand and fashion for technical innovation in the British cotton industry....              
            
                To look backward is to be reminded that manufacturing decline is not only about numbers or jobs;...